Hemodialysis

In medicine, hemodialysis (also haemodialysis) is a method for removing waste products such as potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are in renal failure. Hemodialysis is one of three renal replacement therapies (the other two being renal transplant; peritoneal dialysis).Hemodialysis can be an outpatient or inpatient therapy.

Food and Stress

Food that reduces stress has got important role in stress management. A high fiber rich food acts as natural tranquillizers. Vitamins and minerals are helpful in relieving stress. Vitamins namely, Vitamin B complex, C and E. Minerals like selenium, zinc and magnesium.

Food essential for relieving stress:
• Fresh fruits, vegetables, soups, skim milk, fish, and yogurt.
• Fruits and vegetables provide vitamins and minerals. They also provide fiber which helps in relieving stress. For example constipation which is a long term stresses. Yogurt contains minerals as calcium which helps in stress relieving. For example peptic ulcer. Whole wheat flour and yeasts provide B complex vitamins including pantothenic acid which is often described as anti stress vitamin. Sprouted grams and citrus fruits are rich source of vitamin C which acts as antioxidant and helps in relieving stress. Dark chocolate relives stress.
• Nutrient-dense nuts such as almonds are amazing stress fighters thanks to high levels of magnesium, zinc, vitamins B and E, plus healthy oils.
• Animal foods; although some can help relieve stress, don't go overboard, as high amounts of protein increase levels of stress-causing dopamine and nor epinephrine in the brain.
• Most types of fish are replete with all-important B vitamins, particularly the renowned stress fighters B6 and B12. In fact, B12 is one of the most important vitamins involved in the synthesis of the "happy" brain chemical serotonin; a vitamin B12 deficiency can even lead to depression.
• Almonds are rich with vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin E, magnesium, and zinc. B vitamins and magnesium are involved in the production of serotonin, which helps regulate mood and relieve stress. Zinc has also been shown to fight some of the negative effects of stress, while vitamin E is an antioxidant that destroys the free radicals related to stress and heart disease.
• Bananas are packed with vitamin B, a nutrient that keeps blood pressure and stress hormones in check during high-tension situations.
• Avocado lowers blood pressure thanks to high contents of potassium and healthy fat (monounsaturated).
• Milk also contains antioxidants that help destroy free radicals associated with stress.
• Blueberries are also a good source of fiber, which can help relieve the cramps and constipation that can occur in times of stress

Foods to avoid in stress:

Food items like Tea, coffee, cocoa, junk foods, egg yolks, butter, cheese, meat, coconut oil, cashews, beverages like soda, chocolate, sugar, alcohol etc. which aggravate the signs and symptoms are to be avoided.

Otoplasty

Otoplasty is a cosmetic surgery to change the appearance of the person’s external ears. Otoplasty can be done for various reasons like

• Bringing the ears closer to the head (ear pinning)

• Reducing the size of very big ears

• Reshaping various bends of the ear cartilage.

Otoplasty surgery involves a combination of moving, reshaping, adding or removing structural ear components. This procedure is usually preformed by either an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, plastic surgeon or an ENT surgeon.

Typically Otoplasty surgery takes about two hours. The dressing over the operated ears can extend for few weeks as protection and the patient can experience mild discomfort. Headbands may be prescribed for night time wears.

Joint Pains

»   Eat garlic cloves fried in butter for treatment of joint pains.

  »   You can also prepare an ointment by mixing 60 ml of vinegar and water each. Allow it to boil, later add 1-2 teaspoon of black pepper. Cool it and then gently massage over the affected area. This will give fast relief from joint pains.

Peptic Ulcer

 »   Banana is one of the effective method in the treatment of peptic ulcer.It works on lowering the acidic substance inside the body.

  »   Wood apple (bael) is another useful fruit in treating peptic ulcer. Take few bael leaves and keep it into water overnight. Drain the mixture and take this 2-3 times a day.

  »   Patient suffering from peptic ulcer should also take lemon extract or juice. Prepare fresh lemon juice and add little amount of salt to it. This drink helps in digestion and hence helps in treating peptic ulcers.

  »   Cut cabbage into small pieces, allow the vegetable to boil in water till the constituent become half. Drain the mixture and take this 2-3 time a day. You can also add little amount of black pepper powder to it. This is the best remedy for peptic ulcer.

  »   Put 2-3 tablespoon of fenugreek (methi) seeds and in a glass of water and boil it. Add little amount of salt to it. Allow the mixture to boil till it become half of its constituent. Take this mixture 2-3 times a day, until the ulcer is not cured completely.

  »   Drumstick leaves are another common home remedy for the treatment of peptic ulcer. Make the paste of drum stick. Mix this paste in fresh curd. Take this 2-3 times a day. This will relieve the peptic ulcer

Psoriasis

 »   A cup of Bitter gourd juice mixed with one table of lime juice, take this in early morning with empty stomach for four to six months. this is one of the home remedy for Psoriasis.

  »   Take small amount of almond powder and boil it thoroughly in water. This is used for external application on the affected part. Keep it overnight and wash it next day with water.

  »   Boil some soap nut (shikakai) in water and apply on the affected parts. This will also gives relief from psoriasis.

  »   Make a dilute solution of lime juice with water. Apply this externally on the psoriatic patches.

  »   - Cabbage soup is also an effective home remedy for psoriasis. Take one cup of soup every day it will get relief from psoriasis

Anorexia

Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric illness leads to eating disorder characterized by extremely low body weight and body image distortion with an obsessive fear of gaining weight. Individuals with anorexia have extreme weight loss. Weight loss is usually 15% below the person's normal body weight.

The key factors associated with anorexia nervosa are:

• Refusal to sustain a minimally normal body weight

• Intense fear of gaining weight, despite being underweight

• Distorted view of one’s body or weight, or denial of the dangers of one’s low weight

Types:

Anorexia has been classified into two types include:

Restricting type: This is characterized by the patient adopting unhealthy habits, like fasting, to avoid weight gain.

Binge eating or Purging type: This type is characterized by the use of self-induced vomiting, or misuse of laxatives or diuretics to help in the prevention of weight gain.

Anger

»   Tips to control anger 1. Count to 10 before reacting or leave the situation all together, 2. Do some physically exerting activities like a walk, swim, etc, 3. Soothe yourself, by practicing deep-breathing exercises, visualizing relaxing scenes etc...

Rice Khichu

Ingredients   1 cup Rice Flour  ½ tsp Green Chillies (chopped)  ¼ tsp Chilli Powder  1 tbsp Fresh Coriander (finely chopped)  ½ tsp Cumin Seeds (jeera)  ¼ tsp Soda-Bi-Carbonate  A pinch of Hing (asafoetida)  2 tbsp Oil  Salt to taste

Preparation Time

 Method

• Take a wide vessel (handi) and put 2 ½ cups of water in it.
• Put it over the flame and bring it to boil.
• Now add chilli powder, cumin seeds, soda-bi-carb, green chillies, salt and a pinch of hing into it.
• Mix well and let it boil for few minutes.
• Now slowly add rice flour and keep stirring so that no lumps are formed.
• Cover the vessel with a lid and cook for 10 more minutes.
• Now put oil and coriander and mix it properly.
• Serve hot Rice Khichu with papad.

Drug interactions in upper Gastrointestinal tract disorders

Antacids: Neutralise gastric acid, aluminium containing antacids contribute aluminium to the diet and may cause constipation or lead to phosphorous deficiency. Longterm or inappropriate use can lead to Aluminium toxicity. Calcium containing antacids contribute calcium to diet and may cause constipation . Magnesium containing antacids contribute magnesium to diet and may cause diarrhoea. Longterm use may lead to magnesium toxicity.

Antiboitics: When amoxylin is given without regard to food nausea and diarrhoea are common side effects.It is better to take medicine with food to reduce nausea.

Clarithromycin: when taken it may cause taste alteration nausea and diarrhoea.

Metronidezol: May cause taste alterations and no alcohol should be used during treatment  if  alcohol is given and for 24 hrs afterwards alcohol can react with metronidezole and result in nausea , vomiting, headache, cramps .

Antisecretary agents:  Inhibit gastrophasis secretion . Citnitidine may increase formation of toxic metabollites. Nizartidine when taken with tomato based juices its potency is reduced.

Omeprazole and rebeprazole:  They inhibit secretion of acids may interfere with iron absorption. When iron supplements are necessary they should be given 2 hours before or after taking protonpump inhibitors.

Artificial Sweeteners

Artificial sweeteners are low calorie substances used as sweeteners to replace sugar and other caloric sweeteners. Many kinds of artificial sweeteners are available saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, alitame, neotame, acesulfame-K, sucralose and Stevia.

Saccharin is a synthetic, white crystalline powder; benzoic sulfinide has effectively no food energy and is much sweeter than sucrose. It is 350 times sweeter than sugar, but has an unpleasant bitter aftertaste. It is not easily digested by the body. Trade name is symcal. Used in soft drinks, chewing gums, jams, jellies, sauces, gelatin and salad dressings. Commercially available in three forms as a sodium salt, as a calcium salt and in the acid form.

Cyclamate is the sodium or calcium salt of cyclamic acid. It is 30–50 times sweeter than sugar. Available in three forms cyclamic acid, calcium cyclamate and sodium cyclamate. It is not suitable for diabetes. Used in caramels, chewing gums and hard candies.

Aspartame is the methyl ester of a phenylalanine/aspartic acid dipeptide. It is 200 times sweeter than sugar and 70 percent of all aspartame is used in sodas. It has flavour enhancing properties. When taken in less it is metabolized. Trade name is neutral sweet. Used for carbonated beverages, puddings, frozen fruit, juice, RTE products.

Alitame is similar to Aspartame in that it is made from amino acids, namely L-aspartic acid and D-alanine. It is 2000 times sweeter than sucrose.

Neotame is a white crystalline powder manufactured from two amino acids, phenylalanine and aspartic acid. It is 7,000 to 13,000 times sweeter than sugar, so very little of it is needed to sweeten foods.

Acesulfame-K is 200 times sweeter than sugar and the body can't break it down, so it's excreted from the body unchanged. It is freely soluble in water. It is not metabolized in the body. Used for imitation dairy products, pickles, beverages, marinated fish etc.

Sucralose is similar in structure to regular sugar and contains maltodextrin and it is 600 times sweeter than sugar. Your body absorbs very little of this artificial sweetener.  No after taste. It can be used in all products.

Stevia is made from rebaudioside A, one of the components of the Stevia rebaudiana. It is 250 times sweeter than sugar. Many people who want to avoid sugar and calories use stevia in the form of a non-nutritive sweetener or as an extract.

Aspartin It provides same number of calories as sugar but the quantity is small, so calories added are less by giving less quantity.

Sugar alcohols

Manitol: Manitol is converted into fructose. It is not metabolized and provides 2 kcals / Gm. It has laxative effect, when consumed in large quantity. It is less desirable in diabetic patients. Used in hard candies, cough drops chewing gums, jams and jellies.

Sorbitol:  It is a common sweetener. In liver it is converted into fructose, it is metabolized independently of insulin. Used in chewing gums, cough drops, jellies, baked products, baking mixes, frozen dairy desserts.

Xylitol:  Present in many fruits and vegetables. Metabolized directly in liver or indirectly by fermentation of bacteria in intestine. It is as sweet as sucrose.

Maltitol: Produced by hydrogenation of maltose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn starch.

Anemia

 »   Beetroot are also rich in iron and various other minerals.so,person who is suffering anemia should include it in his diet to treat anemia.

  »   Leafy vegetables contains high grade iron it helps in formation of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

  »   Apple contain high amount of iron eat one apple every day it is effective remedy for anemia.

  »   Eat organic meat like liver and kidney to treat anemia.

  »   Cold water bath is also helps in curing anemia. A person with anemia must have at least two cold water baths a day.

Hair Fall

»   HAIR LOSS:Stick to one shampoo or shower gel.If it is repeatedly changed it could cause damage to your hair as shampoos aren't natural, you would be adding more and more chemical products in your hair which could damage them and cause them to fall.

  »   Mix onion juice with honey and apply it on the effected area. It has shown some good results in hair growth and prevents hair loss.